(vi) No regard of the context, content, and conclusion (v) Biased interpretations of analyzed data (iv) Insertion of new data not carried previously in results (iii) Nonsignificant results exhaustively discussed (i) Not all data present are discussed effectively (xii) Multiple formats of the statistical significance used ( p=0.05, 0.0001, 0.00, etc.) (xi) Measurement units not provided properly (x) Missing data and values in the tables (ix) Missing essential details of the analyzed data (viii) Wrong interpretation of statistical analysis (v) Overlapping the information present in figures and tables (ii) Results not related to the objectives of the study mentioned (ix) No clear mention of statistical analysis used (viii) No validated experiments, questionnaires, or instruments used (vii) Exhaustive replicative details of the experiments not provided (vi) Absence of informed consent from participants (v) Ethical clearance of the study not provided (iv) Lack of sample size and sampling technique descriptions (iii) Inclusion and exclusion criteria for participants not provided (ii) Study settings-location, period, dates, etc., not revealed (v) Rationale, aim, and objectives of research not indicated (iv) Deliberate omission of contradictory studies (iii) Not citing recent and relevant research (ii) No identification of context, content, and conclusions (i) Overshooting the prescribed word count in detail (>15%) (iv) Wrong keywords not related to subject used (vii) Written as introduction or conclusion of the paper (iv) Contains information not present in main paper (iii) Essentially copy-pasted from main text (ii) Not effectively stratified section wise (iv) Use of abbreviations, acronyms, and jargons (ii) Not consistent with subject and rationale of study Besides these, other parts of the manuscript are equally essential such as title, abstract, keywords, and conclusion ( Figure 3). IMRAD stands for introduction, methods, results, and discussion ( Figure 2).
Among various guidelines that are available for the authors to follow, IMRAD scheme is the most important in determining the correct flow of content and structure of an original research paper. Ī good scientific paper essentially covers the important criteria, which define its worth such as structure, logical flow of information, content, context, and conclusion. Among the numerous types of scientific manuscripts which an author can write ( Figure 1), original research remains central to most publications. It is only through publishing the data that an author gets the recognition of the work, gets established as an expert, and becomes citable in the scientific field. Writing and publishing an effective and well-communicative scientific manuscript is arguably one of the most daunting yet important tasks of any successful research project. This review is unique in providing essential guidance in a simple point-wise manner in conjunction with easy-to-understand illustrations to familiarize novice researchers with the anatomy of a basic scientific manuscript. In this review, we have attempted to include the essential information that novice authors in their early careers need to possess, to be able to write a decent first scientific manuscript ready for submission in the journal of choice. Writing is a highly time-consuming and skill-oriented process that requires familiarity with the numerous publishing steps, formatting rules, and ethical guidelines currently in vogue in the publishing industry. Success in translating the benchworks into the scientific content, which is effectively communicated within the scientific field, is used in evaluating the researcher in the current academic world.
Writing and publishing a scientific paper is a tough task that researchers and academicians must endure in staying relevant in the field. Writing an effective manuscript is one of the pivotal steps in the successful closure of the research project, and getting it published in a peer-reviewed and indexed journal adds to the academic profile of a researcher.
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